Being a consultant

updated April 16, 2003

Many people ask me about how to run a consulting business. While I've only been doing it for a few years, I'm glad to share my experiences. For more information about how I structure my business, see my Frequently Asked Questions about Tejas Software Consulting.

Different people mean different things when they think of "consulting." My focus is on being able to provide expert advice and technical services, which requires regular formal and informal contacts with people in the industry so that I keep my skills sharp. These activities take a significant chunk of time, and they are not billable. So my business model incorporates the ability to regularly take time off for attending conferences and training, and networking with my colleagues. I also make sure that I don't devote all of my energies to any particular project for a long period of time. My advice about consulting won't necessarily apply to people who want to do contracting full-time for one client at a time.

While I don't work full-time on any single project, my consulting practice is very much a full-time pursuit. Many people try to get into consulting on a part-time basis while maintaining a full-time day job. A few of them seem to succeed at it, though I'm not familiar with that business model. This topic comes up regularly on the the alt.computer.consultants.moderated newsgroup, so you might be able to get some help there.

When I first decided I wanted to do "outside consulting" (consulting for companies other than my own), I started by working for a consulting firm. If you're not familiar with how a consulting business is structured, and you're nervous about the unpredictable paychecks that come with running your own business, this might be a good path for you, too. In fact, I was the poster boy for consulting firms in the article "Flying Solo: Is Consulting for You?" (Alyn Wambeke, Software Testing & Quality Engineering, September/October 2000, excerpt here). Personally, I'm happier now as an independent consultant, but the experience as an employee in a consulting firm gave me valuable experience.

Pretty much everything I know I've learned from the experts. Rather than repeating the basics here, I'll let you hear it straight from the experts. I found the book Getting Started in Consulting by Alan Weiss to be a very practical and comprehensive introduction. Also, Jerry Weinberg's Secrets of Consulting and More Secrets of Consulting give some priceless advice on how to act like a consultant, plus a few tips on how how to run the business (I wrote a review of More Secrets). When I needed some do-it-yourself legal help, I got Working for Yourself: Law and Taxes for Independent Contractors, Freelancers, and Consultants from Nolo (I got the elecronic edition). One on my reading list that I haven't gotten to yet is Flawless Consulting, 2nd edition by Peter Block

For online discussions, I've found the newsgroup alt.computer.consultants.moderated somewhat useful, to see what the average joe consultant and contractor has to say. The FAQ for this group has some useful information. You might want to join Jerry's SHAPE Forum, which often covers topics that are relevant to consultants. A web page I ran across with some very interesting information about consulting that generally agrees with my experiences is Technical Ranting, Raving, Editorials & Opinions at Stokely Consulting. It's about system administration, but the general concepts easily apply to any kind of consulting.

Most consulting business tends to come from referrals. So maintaining your network is critical. See my article "Developing Your Professional Network" for some advice. Besides networking and getting published, my main marketing tool is an email newsletter that I send out about six times a year. I try to keep the sales pitch very low-key, and I focus on simply providing useful information. I don't fret about not having thousands of people on the mailing list for my newsletter - everyone I add is someone that I've had a meaningful interaction with. I feel that quality is better than quantity.

Conventional wisdom says that you should have several months worth of salary saved up before striking out as a consultant. In my case, I was actually in debt when I started. My business was prompted by a layoff, so I didn't have much choice about timing. Rather than look for another employer after having two unsatisfactory experiences as an employee, I decided to take the leap. It helped that someone had recently approached me about consulting work, and I signed them on as my first client a week later. Still, I went much further into debt before I finally dug my way out and started to build an unemployment fund.

I feel that I've been very lucky so far. I'm going to need a lot more luck in order to continue. Most consultants and consulting firms are struggling in this economy. So you have to consider the very real possibility that you will not succeed as a consultant. You'll have to decide for yourself what the odds are. If you're in the software testing field, you can check out the competition in the Testing Contractors and Consultants List.

Hopefully you'll find this information helpful if you are considering becoming a consultant. And while you're at it why don't you join my newsletter mailing list so we can stay in touch? (click here) And if there's any way I could improve this page (or my business!), please contact me at faught@tejasconsulting.com.

Many thanks to Johanna Rothman for helping me both when I was first getting started and also along the way, to Jerry Weinberg for teaching me many powerful consulting skills, and the many other people in my network who have been instrumental in helping me build my business.

-Danny Faught

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